Dryness
What is Dry Skin?
Dry skin, medically known as xerosis, occurs when the skin lacks enough moisture or natural oils to maintain its softness and protective barrier. It can feel rough, tight, itchy, or even flaky and cracked. While dry skin is often temporary—especially during colder months—it can also be a chronic condition or a symptom of an underlying health issue. Anyone can experience dry skin, although it’s particularly common among older adults and individuals exposed to harsh environments or drying skincare products.
What Causes Dry Skin?
Dry skin can result from a variety of environmental and lifestyle factors. Cold weather and low humidity levels are among the most common culprits, as dry air can draw moisture away from the skin. Frequent bathing or showering, especially with hot water or harsh soaps, can strip the skin of its natural oils. The use of products containing alcohol, strong fragrances, or other irritating ingredients can also contribute to dryness. In some cases, medical conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, thyroid disorders, or diabetes may be responsible for chronic dryness. Additionally, as we age, the skin naturally produces less oil, which makes older individuals more susceptible to dryness.
Symptoms of Dry Skin
Dry skin may appear dull, rough, or scaly, and it often feels tight or itchy—particularly after bathing or exposure to wind and cold air. In more severe cases, it can crack and even bleed. Some people may also notice redness, irritation, or sensitivity to skincare products. These symptoms can range from mild to severe and may affect any part of the body, although the hands, arms, legs, and face are most commonly impacted.
How to Treat Dry Skin
Treating dry skin involves restoring moisture and protecting the skin barrier. One of the most effective strategies is to apply a rich, hydrating moisturizer immediately after bathing, when the skin is still damp. Creams and ointments containing ingredients like hyaluronic acid, glycerin, ceramides, and shea butter help lock in hydration and repair the skin’s natural barrier. Reducing the frequency of hot showers, using gentle, fragrance-free cleansers, and incorporating a humidifier in your home can also make a significant difference. For more persistent or severe dryness, over-the-counter or prescription topical treatments may be necessary. If dry skin is accompanied by inflammation, a dermatologist may recommend medicated creams to reduce irritation and promote healing.
Preventing Dry Skin
Prevention starts with good skincare habits. Keeping showers short and lukewarm, avoiding harsh soaps, and moisturizing daily are essential practices. Wearing gloves in cold weather, staying hydrated, and avoiding exposure to irritants—such as detergents and certain fabrics—can also help protect the skin. It’s important to choose skincare products that are formulated specifically for dry or sensitive skin and to patch test new products before applying them more broadly. Consistency is key, as even brief lapses in routine can allow dryness to return.
When to See a Dermatologist
While most cases of dry skin can be managed with home care, it’s important to seek medical advice if the condition becomes chronic, painful, or resistant to over-the-counter treatments. If you notice severe cracking, bleeding, signs of infection, or if the dryness interferes with your quality of life, a dermatologist can help identify the underlying cause and create a personalized treatment plan.