Rosacea
What is Rosacea?
Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that primarily affects the face, causing redness, visible blood vessels, and, in some cases, bumps that resemble acne. It tends to appear most often on the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead, and it may come and go in cycles of flare-ups and remission. Though it can affect anyone, rosacea is most common in adults over 30 with fair skin. While it is not contagious or dangerous, it can be persistent and often impacts a person’s self-esteem and confidence.
What Causes Rosacea?
The exact cause of rosacea is not fully understood, but it’s believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and vascular factors. Individuals with rosacea often have more sensitive skin and reactive blood vessels, leading to flushing and inflammation. Triggers vary from person to person but commonly include sun exposure, hot beverages, spicy foods, alcohol, stress, wind, and extreme temperatures. Certain skincare products or cosmetics may also cause irritation or worsen symptoms. There may also be a link between rosacea and an overgrowth of a skin mite called Demodex, or an imbalance in the skin’s microbiome.
Signs and Symptoms of Rosacea
Rosacea often begins with frequent facial flushing and redness that may resemble a persistent blush. Over time, this redness can become more pronounced and permanent, with visible capillaries appearing across the skin. Some individuals experience red bumps or pustules that resemble acne, while others develop thickened skin, especially around the nose—a condition known as rhinophyma. The eyes may also become dry, irritated, or bloodshot, a symptom known as ocular rosacea. Because the signs vary, rosacea is often misdiagnosed or mistaken for other skin conditions like acne or eczema.
How to Treat and Manage Rosacea
Although rosacea has no known cure, its symptoms can be effectively managed with the right care and treatment. A gentle skincare routine is essential, avoiding harsh scrubs, alcohol-based products, or anything that causes stinging or burning. Topical treatments such as metronidazole, azelaic acid, or ivermectin can help reduce redness and inflammation. In more severe cases, oral antibiotics or low-dose isotretinoin may be prescribed. Laser and light-based therapies, such as IPL (intense pulsed light), are highly effective for reducing visible blood vessels and chronic redness. Identifying and avoiding personal triggers plays a critical role in long-term control. Keeping a diary of flare-ups can help pinpoint what worsens your symptoms.
Daily Care Tips for Sensitive Rosacea Skin
Caring for rosacea-prone skin means focusing on calm, non-irritating ingredients and consistent protection from environmental stressors. Gentle, fragrance-free cleansers and moisturizers help maintain the skin barrier, while broad-spectrum SPF is a must every day—even when it’s cloudy. Sun exposure is one of the most common rosacea triggers, so using a physical sunscreen with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide is often recommended. Reducing stress through lifestyle changes, sleep, and relaxation techniques can also help prevent flare-ups and improve skin resilience over time.
When to See a Dermatologist
If you’re experiencing persistent redness, flushing, or breakouts that don’t respond to over-the-counter products, it’s time to consult a dermatologist. A professional diagnosis is key to developing an effective treatment plan. Early intervention can prevent symptoms from worsening and help keep your skin calm and manageable.